Biography of Pancho Villa, Mexican Revolutionary

Biography of Pancho Villa, Mexican Revolutionary Francisco Pancho Villa (born  Josà © Doroteo Arango Armbula; June 5, 1878–July 20, 1923) was a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and land reform. He helped lead the Mexican Revolution, which ended the reign of Porfirio Dà ­az and led to the creation of a new government in Mexico. Today, Villa is remembered as a folk hero and a champion of the lower classes. Fast Facts: Pancho Villa Known For: Villa was a leader of the Mexican Revolution, which overturned the government of Mexico.Also Known As: Josà © Doroteo Arango Armbula, Francisco VillaBorn: June 5, 1878 in San Juan del Rà ­o, Durango, MexicoParents: Agustà ­n Arango and Micaela ArmbulaDied: July 20, 1923  in Parral, Chihuahua, MexicoSpouse(s): Unknown (according to legend, he was married more than 70 times) Early Life Pancho Villa was born Josà © Doroteo Arango Armbula on June 5, 1878. He was the son of a sharecropper at the hacienda in San Juan del Rio, Durango. While growing up, Pancho Villa witnessed and experienced the harshness of peasant life. In Mexico during the late 19th century, the rich were becoming richer by taking advantage of the lower classes, often treating them like slaves. When Villa was 15, his father died, so Villa began to work as a sharecropper to help support his mother and four siblings. One day in 1894, Villa came home from the fields to find that the owner of the hacienda intended to have sex with Villas 12-year old sister. Villa, only 16 years old, grabbed a pistol, shot the owner of the hacienda, and then took off for the mountains. Exile From 1894 to 1910, Villa spent most of his time in the mountains running from the law. At first, he did what he could to survive by himself. By 1896, however, he had joined up with some other bandits and become their leader. Villa and his group of bandits would steal cattle, rob shipments of money, and commit other crimes against the wealthy. Because he stole from the rich and often shared his spoils with the poor, some saw Villa as a modern-day Robin Hood. It was during this time that Doroteo Arango began using the name Francisco Pancho Villa. (Pancho is a common nickname for Francisco.) There are many theories as to why he chose that name. Some say it was the name of a bandit leader he had met; others say it was Villas fraternal grandfathers last name. Villas notoriety as a bandit and his prowess at escaping capture caught the attention of men who were planning a revolution against the Mexican government. These men understood that Villas skills would make him an excellent guerilla fighter during the revolution. Mexican Revolution Since Porfirio Diaz, the sitting president of Mexico, had created many of the current problems for the poor and Francisco Madero promised change for the lower classes, Pancho Villa decided to join Maderos cause and agreed to be a leader in the revolutionary army. From October 1910 to May 1911, Pancho Villa was a very effective military leader. However, in May 1911, Villa resigned from command because of differences he had with another commander, Pascual Orozco, Jr. Orozco Rebellion On May 29, 1911, Villa married Maria Luz Corral and tried to settle into a quiet domestic life. Unfortunately, though Madero had become president, political unrest again appeared in Mexico. Orozco, angered by being left out of what he considered his rightful place in the new government, challenged Madero by starting a new rebellion in the spring of 1912. Once again, Villa gathered troops and worked with General Victoriano Huerta to support Madero in quashing the rebellion. Prison In June 1912, Huerta accused Villa of stealing a horse and ordered him to be executed. A reprieve from Madero came for Villa at the very last minute, but Villa was still remitted to prison. He remained in prison from June 1912 to when he escaped on December 27, 1912. More Fighting and Civil War By the time Villa escaped from prison, Huerta had switched from a Madero supporter to a Madero adversary. On February 22, 1913, Huerta killed Madero and claimed the presidency for himself. Villa then allied himself with Venustiano Carranza to fight against Huerta. He was extremely successful, winning battle after battle during the next several years. After Villa conquered Chihuahua and other northern areas, he spent much of his time reallocating land and stabilizing the economy. In the summer of 1914, Villa and Carranza split and became enemies. For the next several years, Mexico continued to be embroiled in a civil war between the factions of Pancho Villa and Venustiano Carranza. Raid on Columbus, New Mexico The United States took sides in the battle and supported Carranza. On March 9, 1916, Villa attacked the town of Columbus, New Mexico. His was the first foreign attack on American soil since 1812. The United States sent several thousand soldiers across the border to hunt for Villa. Though they spent over a year searching, they never caught him. Peace On May 20, 1920, Carranza was assassinated and Adolfo De la Huerta became the interim president of Mexico. De la Huerta wanted peace in Mexico, so he negotiated with Villa for his retirement. Part of the peace agreement was that Villa would receive a hacienda in Chihuahua. Death Villa retired from revolutionary life in 1920 but had only a short retirement, for he was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923. He was buried in Parral, Chihuahua. Legacy For his role in the Mexican Revolution, Villa became a folk hero. His life has inspired numerous films, including The Life of General Villa, Viva Villa!, and Pancho Villa Returns. Sources Katz, Friedrich.  The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998.Knight, Alan.  The Mexican Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016.McLynn, Frank.  Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. Basic Books, 2008.

5 Digital Publishing Questions for Seth Godin

5 Digital Publishing Questions for Seth Godin 5 Digital Publishing Questions for Seth Godin Today we interview Seth Godin,  American author, entrepreneur, marketer and public speaker. The amazing thing about Seth is that he uses all these skills for his publishing efforts. And some of his ideas for (digital) publishing are so great that we were bound to interview him. Let’s talk about the connection economy.Hi Seth! I was listening to your Ted Talk â€Å"This is broken† from 2006. What’s really broken in the publishing industry today? Discoverability? DRMs? Royalty-share model? Big 5 publishers?The problem is buried in plain sight, but once you see it, it becomes obvious: the entire model of book publishing (advances, returns, publicity, curation, DRM, all of it) is based on the idea that the customer is the bookstore.The bookstore with limited shelf space, the one that demands returns, the one that needs long lead times.Simple proof: every big publisher spends 20 times as much money and manpower on bookstores than they do dealing with readers.When bo okstores go away, then what? Hint: Amazon is not the new customer.Apart from Reedsy, what other innovations in the publishing space do you find interesting?I think the only innovation that’s worth paying attention to is the redefinition of what it even means to be a book publisher. What’s a book? What’s publishing? Who is the customer? What’s the new asset?In a connection economy, do publishers sell or profit from or enable connection? If we don’t, we’re done.You said that â€Å"Publishing is the act of taking a financial risk to curate some content and bring it to a group of people who didn’t know it existed†. How do you think self-published content should be curated?Readers of my book and my blog trust me to curate what I recommend. I’m not sure readers trust Amazon to curate the Kindle, or even Knopf to curate the books they see–because they’re just so much junk and so much noise, they don’t even know the labels, so there is no trust.Trust, of course, is the essence of the connection economy, and it’s way more powerful and far-reaching than brand or shelf space.So, I think the successful self-published author builds connection and thus trust by consistently delivering just a little more than what’s expected.What do you read? Where do you find inspiration?I read tons and tons of books about ‘business’ in quotes, but find less and less to like over the years. I read a lot of cultural history–from Guns, Germs and Steel to the brand new ‘Debt’. I love hard science fiction and read it often. I read a lot of Pema Chodron and Susan Piver and Steve Pinker and Dan Dennett and others that think about thinking. I try to find funny books, Sedaris, etc, but they’re so rare†¦No literary fiction for me. Not smart enough.You’re employing a new marketing strategy for your book, Your Turn. You send additional copies of the book to everyone who orders even a single copy because you want people to share it; can you speak about the marketing theory and your intentions behind this rather cutting-edge approach? And speaking of cutting-edge marketing, can you give some advice to newcomers to the indie marketplace who might be lacking in creativity when it comes to selling their books?Your Turn has been a great success, both creatively and commercially†¦ we’re closing in on 60,000 copies sold direct, in paper only. That’s pretty amazing for a self-published one-man show in 140 days or so.People want to share books, but you need to make it easy!As for advice, I am ready for your question:  my best advice  can be found here  and here. Remember:â€Å"Writing a book is a tremendous experience. It pays off intellectually. It clarifies your thinking. It builds credibility. It is a living engine of marketing and idea spreading, working every day to deliver your message with authority. You shou ld write one.†And regarding Kickstarter: â€Å"Kickstarter campaigns fail when the tribe of people who believe in the idea is too small†.Follow Seth and Reedsy on Twitter.Liked this interview? PLEASE give us a â€Å"recommend† on Medium where it was among the top 10 most voted stories. Seeing it celebrated is our biggest reward for producing good content.